One Piece by Eiichiro Oda is a manga/anime with a magnificent world and lore in it. It was filled with hundreds of characters with a unique backstory.

What makes One Piece more interesting is the presence of devil fruits. In fact, one of the devil fruits, the Mera Mera No Mi, adds to the excitement because it is after by many people.

One Piece characters: Check out the complete list of One Piece characters here. Which One Piece character is your favorite from this list of more than 500 characters below?

Straw Hat Pirates

Monkey D. Luffy

Monkey D Luffy is the main character in One Piece. Luffy got a straw hat from the pirate Shanks. From there, Luffy became known as mugiwara, aka straw hat.

Luffy bears the name of the mysterious D clan, just like the Pirate King Gol D. Roger. Luffy is the son of the leader of the Revolutionary Army, Monkey D. Dragon. Even though Luffy is a pirate, his family background is the opposite of his. Luffy's grandfather, Monkey D. Garp, was a Marine who was hostile to pirates. Luffy is a reliable captain of the Straw Hat pirates.

Together with Shanks, Kurohige, and Buggy, Luffy received the title Yonko aka Emperor of the Ocean. Remembering, he is the leader of the Straw Hat Grand Fleet, whose members are more than 5,000 people from 7 divisions.

Luffy has two adopted brothers, namely Portgas D. Ace and Sabo. However, Ace had died, leaving Sabo who was still alive (previously Luffy thought Sabo was dead).

Luffy comes from the Worst Generation, namely novice pirates who shocked the world and made trouble for the World Government.

From the start, Luffy was told that he had a dream of becoming a pirate king. The One Piece story itself is Luffy's journey in achieving his dreams.

Even though he is a famous pirate, Luffy's clothes are relatively simple. Luffy only wears a straw hat, red buttoned jacket or vest, yellow belt, blue shorts, and sandals.

Roronoa Zoro 

Roronoa Zoro, First Mate of the Straw Hat crew, is a strong character with a number of interesting facts that only die-hard One Piece fans might know. Firstly, changes in Zoro's appearance have occurred since 1997, including a wound over his left eye after the time skip, although at one time there was a picture error regarding the location of the wound.

Apart from being a pirate, Oda planned that if Zoro did not join the Straw Hats, he would become a policeman because of his kind nature who wanted to protect the weak from crime.

Zoro has two nicknames, Zoro and Zolo, depending on the version and translation. Uniquely, Zoro was the only crew member Luffy planned before they met in person, showing Zoro's uniqueness and reputation that made him attractive to Luffy.

For the voice actors, in the English version, four people voiced young Zoro. Zoro's success and popularity is proven by ranking second in six polls of One Piece's most popular characters for more than a decade.

The rivalry between Zoro and Sanji is well known, and an interesting fact is that Zoro never calls Sanji by his real name. Zoro is also proven to be a strong character, being the second person to successfully kill a dragon after Ryuma.

Oda also planned for Zoro to be Buggy's bodyguard before finally choosing him as Luffy's crew. Finally, Zoro's name is inspired by the real pirate François L'Ollonais, adding a unique impression to this character in the world of One Piece.

Nami 

Nami, the navigator of the Straw Hat crew in One Piece, has a number of interesting facts that add complexity to her character. Firstly, Nami sometimes acts like a captain, preferring to rule rather than follow Luffy. In fact, Luffy is afraid of Nami, and Zoro and Sanji are forced to follow her wishes when they are furious.

Nami is obsessed with money. This stems from her dark past, where she stole treasure to buy Kokoyashi village from Arlong. Even though the village has been liberated by Luffy, Nami's habits remain.

The mystery of Nami's past is another interesting fact. To this day, we don't know who his biological parents are, although he views Bellmere as his biological mother.

Nami also often wears clothes with unique writing such as MODE, EVIL, GOLD, and MACE, possibly signifying certain aspects of her personality.

As a navigator, Nami should have a notebook, although Oda has never shown it. Meanwhile, she is considered a coward due to her tendency to avoid fighting opponents who are too strong.

Although Nami tends to avoid trouble and does not like fighting with Marines, she once wore Gol D. Roger's Straw Hat, which shows Luffy's trust in her.

These facts paint a complex and interesting character, providing a deeper understanding of Nami in the Straw Hat crew's journey.

Usopp 

In One Piece Vivre Card Databook, Usopp initially disguised himself as a drug seller under the name Usohachi. Usopp uses cunning tricks to deceive the people of Wano. One of his tricks is to cut off his hand and regrow it with frog oil, utilizing red glue that resembles blood on his sword.

The name Usohachi is taken from the word Kuchihaccho, which means someone who is skilled at convincing others with his words. This explains Usopp's skills as an accomplished con artist.

Usopp, a fighter who is often underestimated in One Piece, has a phenomenal alter ego, Sogeking. First appearing in the Water 7 and Ennies Lobby arcs, Sogeking is the identity Usopp uses to help the crew without being noticed. The name Sogeking comes from Soge (sniper) and King (king in English), reflecting Usopp's role as a marksman.

Sogeking was able to make Usopp aware of his worth in the crew. When transformed into Sogeking, Usopp feels confident and brave, providing a vital role as a much-needed marksman.

Usopp also changed the name of his ability when he became Sogeking to disguise his identity. Even though the name of the ability is different, it is actually still Usopp's signature ability.

Sogeking's alter ego creates a contrast between Usopp and his more confident and brave character. These facts bring interesting dynamics to the development of Usopp's character in the exciting One Piece story.

Sanji 

Sanji Vinsmoke is the Straw Hat chef in One Piece. Sanji has a number of interesting facts that make him a colorful character. His fighting style using his feet made him known as "Kuro Ashi" or "Black Leg." Sanji has the main goal, namely to find All Blue, a place in the One Piece world which he believes is full of rare food ingredients.

Known as a pervert, Sanji often loses blood when he sees beautiful women. Despite this, Sanji's burning passion is reflected in his fighting techniques, especially through Diable Jambe which produces very powerful fiery kicks.

Sanji underwent significant changes after the time skip, increasing his strength and having a different appearance. His dedication to the Straw Hats and Luffy is very high, he even sacrificed his life to save Luffy.

Sanji's origins are revealed in the Whole Cake Island arc, where he comes from the Vinsmoke family, which he considers to be a family that hates him. The Raid Suit given by Niji gave Sanji increased abilities, although he was initially reluctant to use it.

Apart from that, Sanji has a dark background with the Vinsmoke family, which made him experience a lot of suffering. His mother, Sora, and sister Reiju are the only family who show him affection.

All these elements make up the complex and interesting character of Sanji in One Piece's epic journey.

Tony Tony Chopper 

Tony Tony Chopper is an important character in One Piece. Because his appearance was deemed very appropriate to fill the void in the formation of the Straw Hat pirate group, which at that time did not have a doctor. This is what makes Luffy not invite Trafalgar Law, who is actually a doctor, to join the Straw Hats. Because Luffy already has Chopper who faithfully treats him every time he falls ill.

Chopper is a deer who eats Devil Fruits, making him the first character to be introduced as a non-human devil fruit eater. However, his bounty is low because the Navy considers him a pet.

Chopper experienced confusion about his identity, considering himself to be a monster. Even so, he has many forms of transformation that he can successfully utilize, from a hybrid zoan form to a fully zoan form.

As a doctor in the Straw Hats, Chopper has a big dream of becoming the greatest doctor who can cure all kinds of diseases. Although sometimes timid, Chopper is actually very strong.

Chopper is the fifth crew member recruited by Luffy, and he is among the youngest crew members in the group. Despite being a Devil Fruit eater, Chopper shows an interest in human animals, such as Milky from the Mink Tribe.

All these facts about Tony Tony Chopper provide a complete picture of the uniqueness and important role of the little doctor in the Straw Hats' journey to achieve their dreams in the world of One Piece.

Nico Robin 

Nico Robin is one of the Straw Hat crew members who has the darkest past. Since childhood, she has been a fugitive and moved from place to place to survive.

Nico Robin, an accomplished archaeologist and member of the Straw Hat crew, brings uniqueness that enriches the world of One Piece. Robin's uninvited joining shows a strong emotional bond with the Straw Hats, starting with Luffy's help in saving her. With the highest initial bounty among the crew, Robin became a character of interest to the World Government.

In an SBS One Piece column, Oda once explained that Nico Robin plays the role of mother if the Straw Hats are a family. This can be seen from Robin's calm and patient nature. Robin never gets angry, she often looks happy and amused to see the other crew joking around.

Robin's extraordinary intelligence earned her a bachelor's degree at a very young age, namely 8 years. This makes him the youngest archaeologist in his village, Clover. Not only intelligent, but Robin is also dedicated to history. It is because of this intelligence that Robin is considered a dangerous threat to the World Government.

Nico Robin is the favorite character of the mangaka, Eiichiro Oda. Oda also said that he wanted to be Robin. The reason is because Oda will be able to draw 20 times faster if he doubles his hand. That way One Piece can be finished more quickly.

Franky 

Franky, the 8th member of the Straw Hat crew, brings a number of interesting facts that enrich the uniqueness of his character in One Piece. Abandoned by his parents who were pirates as a child, Franky was rescued by Tom, a shipwright, and grew up in a shipwright's environment.

Franky's real name, Cutty Flam, was changed by Iceberg because it was considered strange, while his nickname, "Iron Man," depicted on his wanted poster with a cyborg furigana that disappeared after a time skip, reveals the pure meaning of "iron man."

The bitter experience with his pirate parents created a feeling of hatred in Franky, who even rejected Oden's offer to join the Roger Pirates. When transforming into the Iron Shogun, Franky brings out an element of humor by saying "Hentai" instead of the word "Henshin."

The decision to become a cyborg was taken after being seriously injured against Spandam, and Franky modified his body with the remains of the ship, creating the serial code BF-36 which later changed to BF-37 after the time skip. Interestingly, Oda stated that in the real world, Franky comes from America, known for his wild lifestyle and love of cola drinks.

Even though he is sometimes considered a pervert because he often says "Hentai," Franky is actually not a pervert among the Straw Hat crew. With his increasing bounty, increasing height, and his preference for cola as fuel, Franky remains a character who always surprises others in One Piece.

Brook 

Brook attracted attention as an immortal human with his skeletal appearance in One Piece. Even though his body is in the form of a skull, Brook's eyes are never visible, and during flashbacks, he always wears sunglasses, making his appearance even more mysterious.

If he were an animal, Oda said Brook would be a horse, and if not a pirate, he would be a detective, adding an element of uniqueness to his character.

Brook's sad story is related to the Yomi Yomi no Mi, a devil fruit that makes him immortal. Killed in a storm, Brook returns to life thanks to the fruit's effects, although his soul and body are separated for a long time. Joining the Straw Hats after meeting Luffy, Brook is the oldest of the crew at 90 years old after the time skip, living in the era of Gol D. Roger.

Brook has the longest active bounty, namely more than 70 years, with a price of 33 million Belly. His unique wanted poster as Soul King strengthens his uniqueness in the world of One Piece. Taken together, these facts define Brook as a character not only unique physically but also historically.

In 2000, Oda created a complete Straw Hat crew concept. At that time, he hadn't thought about Franky or Jinbei. Chopper alone is made with a human body. At that time, Oda had created a concept for Brook in the form of a skull, although his appearance was slightly different.

Jinbei

Jinbei, as a member of the Straw Hat crew, has several interesting facts revealed in One Piece Vivre Card Databook volume 4.

Firstly, Jinbei is known as a very helpful crew. As a human whale shark, he is willing to catch fish for his friends if they are hungry. Jinbei also acts as a steering expert on Sunny Go, using his skills to steer the ship away from Big Mom's pursuit.

Another interesting fact is Jinbei's favorite food, namely mozu vinegar and fruit. It is known as a carnivore because it can eat small fish in the ocean.

Jinbei's bounty increased significantly from 76,000,000 Belly while with Fisher Tiger to 438,000,000 Belly after the Marine Ford war. This shows his achievements as a pirate to be reckoned with.

The initial concept of Jinbei was planned as an antagonist who controls Arlong's evil, but Oda changed him to a character who regrets Arlong's actions. Jinbei was also originally planned to be Ace's eternal rival before the storyline was changed.

Oda explains one of the facts about Jinbei that this fishman is a very useful nakama on the ship. For example, the Straw Hat crew was starving while sailing, would Jinbei be willing to catch fish for all his friends? The answer is of course yes, Jinbei is a crew member who really cares about his friends.

With these various interesting facts, Jinbei increasingly becomes a complex character and contributes greatly to the Straw Hat crew's journey in the world of One Piece.

Shichibukai (7 Warlords of the Seas)

• Dracule Mihawk 
• Boa Hancock 
• Bartholomew Kuma 
• Buggy 
• Edward Weevil 
• Donquixote Doflamingo (formerly)
• Gecko Moria (formerly)
• Crocodile One Piece (formerly)
• Jinbei (formerly)
• Marshall D. Teach (Kurohige) (formerly)
• Trafalgar Law (formerly)

Yonko (4 Emperors of the Seas)

• Shanks
• Kaido
• Charlotte Linlin (Big Mom)
• Marshall D. Teach (Kurohige)
• Edward Newgate (Shirohige One Piece) (formerly)

Akagami Pirates (Red Hair Pirates)

• Shanks
• Benn Beckman
• Lucky Roux
• Yasopp
• Rockstar

Buggy Pirates

• Buggy
• Alvida 
• Mohji
• Richie
• Cabaji 
• Mr. 3/Galdino

Black Cat Pirates

• Kuro
• Jango 
• Shamu 
• Buji 

Don Krieg Pirates

• Don Krieg
• Gin
• Pearl 

Arlong Pirates

• Arlong
• Hatchan 
• Chuu 
• Kuroobi 
• Mohmoo 

East Blue Inhabitants

• Makino 
• Woop Slap
• Curly Dadan
• Dogra
• Magra
• Boodle 
• Gaimon 
• Piiman 
• Ninjin 
• Tamanegi 
• Kaya
• Meri
• Koshiro 
• Kuina 
• Yosaku 
• Johnny 
• Zeff
• Pati
• Kalune
• Nojiko
• Genzo
• Bellemere
• Crocus
• Laboon

Alabasta Kingdom

• Nefertari Vivi 
• Karuu 
• Nefertari Cobra 
• Igaram 
• Pell 
• Chaka 
• Terracotta 
• Kohza 
• Toto 
• Matsuge

Baroque Works

• Mr. 0 - Crocodile 
• Mr. 1 - Dazz Bones 
• Mr. 2 - Bon Clay 
• Mr. 3 - Galdino 
• Mr. 4 - Babe
• Mr. 5 - Gem
• Mr. 8 - Igaram 
• Mr. 9 
• Miss All Sunday - Nico Robin 
• Miss Double Fingers - Paula 
• Miss Golden Week - Marianne
• Miss Merry Christmas - Drophy
• Miss Valentine - Mikita
• Miss Monday 
• Miss Wednesday - Nefertari Vivi 
• Mr. 13 & Miss Friday (Unluckies) 

Giant Warriors Pirates

• Dorey
• Broggy
• Oimo
• Karsee

Wapol Pirates

• Wapol
• Robson
• Chess
• Kuromarimo

Skypiea People

• Gan Fall
• Conis
• Pagaya
• Wiper
• Kamakiri
• Laki
• Braham
• Genbo
• Aisa
• McKinley
• Amazon
• Calgara

God Enel Warriors

• Enel
• Gedatsu
• Shura
• Ohm
• Satori
• Yama
• Hotori
• Kotori

Foxy Pirates

• Foxy
• Hamburg
• Porche
• Itomimizu
• Kapoty
• Monda
• Pickles
• Big Pan

CP9 (Cipher Pol 9)

• Spandam
• Rob Lucci
• Kaku
• Califa
• Blueno
• Jabura
• Kumadori
• Fukuro

Water 7 Characters

• Kokoro
• Chimney
• Gonbe
• Iceburg
• Yokozuna
• Franky/ Cutty Flam
• Tom
• Kiwi
• Mozu
• Zambai
• Pauly
• Eepliey Lulu
• Tileston
• Sodom
• Gomorah

 Grand Line Characters

• Dalton
• Kureha
• Hiluluk
• Mombran Cricket
• Mombran Norland
• Mashira
• Shojo
• Tonjit
• Duval
• Shakkie
• Portgas D. Rouge
• Calico Yorki
• Nico Olvia
• Professor Clover
• Caribou
• Coriboo
• Chahige

Thriller Bark

• Gecko Moria
• Absalom
• Perona
• Dr. Hogback
• Victoria Cindry
• Hildon
• Samurai Ryuuma
• Lola
• Jigorou
• Spider Tararan
• Oars

Shirohige Pirates (Whitebeard Pirates)

• Edward Newgate
• Marco
• Portgas D. Ace (Ace One Piece)
• Jozu
• Thatch
• Vista
• Blamenco
• Rakuyo
• Namur
• Blenheim
• Curiel
• Kingdew
• Haruta
• Atmos
• Speed Jiru
• Fossa
• Izo
• Doma
• McGuy
• Squard
• Decalvan Brothers
• White Bay
• Ramba
• A.O.
• Palms
• Elmy
• Andre
• Delacuaji
• Expoida
• Little Oars Jr.

The Eleven Supernovas

• Eustass Kid
• Monkey D. Luffy
• Basil Hawkins
• X-Drake
• Trafalgar Law
• Scratchman Apoo
• Jewelry Bonney
• Killer
• Capone Bene
• Roronoa Zoro
• Urouge

Hearts Pirates

• Trafalgar Law
• Bepo
• Penguin
• Shachi
• Jean Bart

Kuja Pirates

• Boa Hancock
• Boa Sandersonia
• Boa Marigold
• Nyon
• Margaret
• Aphelandra
• Sweet Pea
• Daisy
• Salome

Impel Down Inhabitants

• Magellan
• Hannibal
• Domino
• Saldeath
• Sadi

Fishman Island

• Neptune
• Shirahoshi
• Fukaboshi
• Ryuuboshi
• Manboshi
• Caimie
• Pappugg
• Hatchan
• Shirley
• Vander Decken IX
• Den
• Surume
• Megalo
• Hoe
• Wadatsumi
• Queen Otohime

New Fishman Pirates

• Hody Jones
• Dosun
• Zeo
• Daruma
• Hyozou
• Ikaros Muhhi
• Hammond

Sun Pirates

• Fisher Tiger
• Jinbei
• Arlong
• Aladdin
• Hatchan

The Revolution Army

• Monkey D. Dragon
• Sabo
• Koala
• Hack
• Emporio Ivankov
• Inazuma
• Karasu
• Belo Betty
• Morley
• Lindbergh
• Bartholomew Kuma
• Terry Gilteo
• Bunny Joe

Kurohige Pirates (Blackbeard Pirates)

• Marshall D. Teach (Kurohige)
• Van Auger
• Doc Q
• Jesus Burgess
• Lafitte
• Shiryuu
• Catarina Devon
• San Juan Wolf
• Vasco Shot
• Avalo Pizarro

Donquixote Family

• Donquixote Doflamingo
• Trebol
• Diamante
• Pica
• Senor Pink
• Gladius
• Sugar
• Lao G
• Dellinger
• Machvise
• Baby 5
• Buffalo
• Jola
• Viola
• Donquixote Rosinante
• Kyuin
• Bellamy
• Caesar Clown
• Monet
• Vergo

The Strawhat Grand Fleet

• Cavendish One Piece
• Bartolomeo
• Don Sai
• Ideo
• Leo
• Hajrudin
• Orlumbus
• Suleiman
• Gambia
• Don Chinjao
• Boo
• Abdullah
• Jeet
• Blue Gilly

Colosseum Fighters

• Bartolomeo
• Cavendish
• Don Chinjao
• Boo
• Sai
• Elizabello II
• Dagama
• Hajrudin
• Ideo
• Orlumbus
• Blue Gily
• Suleiman
• Abdulah
• Jet
• Bobby Funk
• Kerry Funk
• Bellamy
• Rolling Logan
• Jean Ango
• Ricky
• Agilia

Dressrosa People

• Riku Dold
• Kyros
• Rebecca
• Violet
• Scarlett
• Tank Lepanto
• Gatz

Tontatta Tribe

• Leo
• Mansherry
• Kabu
• Inhel
• Gancho
• Bomba
• Rampo
• Bian
• Flapper
• Maujii
• Wicca

Mink Tribe

• Inuarashi
• Nekomamushi
• Wanda
• Carrot
• Pedro
• Roddy
• Blackback (BB)
• Shishilian
• Concelot
• Giovanni
• Monji
• Miyagi
• Tristan
• Yomo
• Bariete

Kid Pirates

• Eustass Kidd
• Killer
• Heat
• Wire

Firetank Pirates

• Capone Bege
• Vito
• Gotty
• Charlotte Chiffon
• Charlotte Pez

Beasts Pirates

• Kaido
• King One Piece
• Queen
• Jack
• Holdem
• Speed
• Dobon
• Sheepshead
• Basil Hawkins
• X Drake
• Ginrummy
• Batman
• Gazelleman
• Mouseman
• Babanuki
• Daifugo
• Solitaire
• Scratchmen Apoo
• Scotch
• Black Maria/ Black Maria One Piece (Tobi Roppo)
• Ulti (Tobi Roppo)

Big Mom Pirates 

• Charlotte Linlin
• Charlotte Katakuri
• Charlotte Smoothie
• Charlotte Cracker
• Snack
• Pekoms
• Tamago
• Bobbin
• Streusen
• Charlotte Perospero
• Charlotte Daifuku
• Charlotte Oven
• Charlotte Opera
• Charlotte Mont-d'Or
• Charlotte Compote
• Charlotte Brulee
• Charlotte Galette
• Charlotte Mascarpone
• Charlotte Joscarpone
• Amande
• Diesel
• Charlotte Pudding
• Charlotte Moscato
• Charlotte Chiffon
• Charlotte Praline
• Napoleon (homies)
• Zeus (homies)
• Prometheus (homies)
• Nitro (homies)
• Randolph (homies)
• King Baum (homies)

Vinsmoke Family (Germa 66)

• Vinsmoke Judge
• Vinsmoke Sora
• Vinsmoke Reiju
• Vinsmoke Ichiji
• Vinsmoke Niji
• Vinsmoke Sanji
• Vinsmoke Yonji

Samurai Wano (Akazaya Nine)

• Kinemon
• Kanjurou
• Raizo
• Inuarashi
• Nekomamushi
• Kikunojo
• Ashura Doji
• Kawamatsu
• Denjiro
• Momonosuke

Wano Country

• Kurozomi Orochi
• Kyoshiro
• Hyogoro
• Tenguyama Hitetsu
• O-Tama
• O-Tsuru
• Shimotsuki Yasuie
• Toko
• Urashima
• Minatomo
• Jibuemon
• Momonosuke
• Kozuki Sukiyaki
• Kozuki Toki
• Ashura Doji
• Shinobu
• Ryuma

Roger Pirates

• Gol D. Roger
• Silvers Rayleigh
• Crocus
• Shanks
• Buggy
• Scopper Gaban
• Seagull
• Kozuki Oden
• Inuarashi
• Nekomamushi

Rocks Pirates 

• Rocks D. Xebec
• Edward Newgate
• Kaido
• Charlotte Linlin (Big Mom)
• Shiki One Piece
• John
• Silver Axe
• Ochoku

Read Also:

• Read One Piece 1047: Luffy's Punch Destroy Onigashima?
• Read One Piece 1049: Kaido Got One Piece 1049 Spoiler from Yamato
• Here is One Piece 1049 Spoiler

Marines (The Navy)

Admirals / Fleet Admiral

• Sengoku (formerly, retired)
• Sakazuki/Akainu (current Fleet Admiral)
• Borsalino/Kizaru
• Issho/Fujitora
• Ryokugyu
• Kuzan/Aokiji (formerly)
• Pan Kong (formerly)

Vice Admirals

• Tsuru
• Monkey D. Garp
• Bastille
• Momonga
• John Giant
• Maynard
• Lacroix
• Ronse
• Doberman
• Smoker
• Jaguar D. Sauro

Captains and Other Members

• Tashigi
• Sentoumaru
• Hina
• Coby
• Helmeppo
• Fullbody
• Jango
• Morgan One Piece
• Jerry
• T-Bone
• Nero
• Wanze
• Baskerville
• Dr. Vegapunk

So that's the list of One Piece characters so far. Outside of the list, there are several characters that appear, but there is still little information about their identities, including their names, such as members of the Tenryuubito and Gorosei Of the many One Piece characters above, which is your favorite character?

If you find this article interesting, share it with your friends. Stay tuned to Dunia Games for more articles. Don't forget to follow us on Facebook and Instagram. You can also purchase game vouchers for Mobile Legends, Free Fire, Call of Duty Mobile, and many more with exciting deals only on Dunia Games!

For more news regarding giveaways, deals, and top-ups with plenty of bonuses, don't forget to download Dunia Games app here!

Read Also >> Information Regarding One Piece and Eiichiro Oda as Revealed by the Editors